Phoca vitulina sbsp. - west to east

• Insular Kuril seal (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri)
• Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii/richardsi)
• Ungava freshwater seal (Phoca vitulina mellonae) - disputed
• Western Atlantic harbor seal (Phoca vitulina concolor)
• Eastern Atlantic harbor seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina)

Pacific Harbor Seal Natural History
[ The Marine Mammal Center ]
From the Education Department of one of the world's leading seal hospitals

Harbor Seals in Alaska
[ NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service ]
Research, management, and analysis from Federal enforcement agency

Scientific Data for Phoca vitulina (Harbour Seal)
[ Seal Conservation Society ]
UK center for protection and conservation of pinnipeds

• RESEARCH RESOURCES
• Pacific harbor seal:
• [ 2006 Annual Report of Pt. Reyes Harbor Seal Monitoring Program (2.5Mb PDF) ]
• [ 1997-2001 Five Year Cumulative Study from Pt. Reyes Program (3.4Mb PDF) ]